I think you’ll agree that trying to play on an out of tune guitar can be very discouraging and for those of you who have never tuned a guitar before the task can seem a bit overwhelming.
My in depth guide to guitar tuning will show you exactly how to tune your guitar and keep it in tune, no matter what level of skill you’re at as a guitar player.
This vibrating motion of the string produces sound waves in the air that eventually reach your ears and are perceived as specific notes.
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To increase or decrease the tension of the guitar strings, you use devices called tuning machines , which are installed on the headstock of the guitar.
Tightening the tuning machines will cause an increase in tension of the guitar string, and loosening the tuning machines will cause a decrease in tension of the guitar string.
If you plan on playing guitar with other musicians, or if you want to develop a musical ear when playing the guitar, it’s important to make sure your guitar is tuned to concert pitch.
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For an instrument to be tuned to standard pitch, the note A must have a frequency of 440 Hz. On a guitar this A is the 5
This is the A just above middle C on a piano. To tune a guitar to concert pitch a reference note must be used.
There are many ways to obtain a reference note such as electronic guitar tuners, tuning forks, or other instruments that are already tuned to concert pitch.
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When using one of these reference notes, you adjust the tension of the string until it matches the pitch of the reference note.
For example, if you’re using the note E above middle C on a piano, you’d adjust the tension of the high E string until the open-string note (E) matches the note the piano is producing.
The fixed positions of the frets is a compromise when it comes to playing in tune; the guitar can’t be played perfectly in any key but can be played almost perfectly in many different keys.
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Below is a diagram of all the notes on the fretboard of the guitar from the open string all the way to the 12
Most of the methods discussed below will allow the guitar to be tuned by itself, which is known as “relative tuning .”
When tuning a guitar with a relative tuning method, one of the strings of the guitar will be used as a reference pitch.
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The downside is the strings may not be in an accurate key due to the lack of using a standard concert reference note.
If using a relative tuning method, and you want the guitar to be tuned to standard concert pitch, you must first tune one of the guitar strings to an accurate reference pitch.
Then, continue tuning the rest of the strings to that string by following one of the relative tuning methods laid out below.
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Tuning a guitar accurately using a relative tuning method depends on your ability to hear slight differences in pitch between different notes.
Some people have a naturally good ear and can tune a guitar with ease, while others may find it a bit more difficult.
When tuning the guitar, it’s important to take your time and listen very closely to the difference in pitch between the note you’re using as a reference pitch and the note you’re tuning.
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The more relaxed you are, the better you’ll be able to focus on detecting whether a note is sharp or flat compared to the reference pitch.
If you tune down, it’s possible that the string will catch a snag in the nut slot when it slackens and then snap flat when you’re playing, due to bending the strings, a hard strum, etc.
When comparing the note you’re tuning to the reference note, and you notice that the note is sharp, loosen the string so the note falls a little flat, then tune back up to the reference pitch.
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It’s a good idea to first perform a rough tuning of all six strings, and then a follow up fine-tuning after each string is approximately in tune.
The relative tuning methods below show an arrow going from the intended reference pitch on one string to the note on the string meant for tuning.
A chord uses multiple strings and allows you to listen for any tuning discrepancies in the intervals between the notes of a chosen chord.
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After you’ve used one of the previous relative tuning methods choose a chord, preferably in the key of the music you plan on performing, pluck each string of the chord individually.
Pay close attention to any differences in pitch between the intervals and adjust any strings that are either too sharp or too flat.
If you’re right handed, hold the chord down with your left hand and reach over to adjust the tuning pegs with your right hand while the notes are still sounding.
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It’s also important to play other chords up and down the neck to check different positions on the guitar due to the fact that the guitar is an even-tempered instrument as discussed above.
For example, if you’re performing in the key of C, perform a fine tuning by using an open C major chord, an A minor bar chord at the 5
Harmonics provide a purer tone than regular fretted notes, or open string notes, which makes it easier to hear any differences in pitch between the notes you’re tuning.
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A harmonic note is performed on a guitar by just touching the string, not pressing down on the string, directly above the fret and then plucking the string as normal.
Although harmonics can be performed at many different spots along the fretboard, the easiest frets to use to produce a harmonic note are the 5
Again, because the guitar is an even-tempered instrument, be aware that the harmonics produced on different strings may be slightly different from each other.
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Because of this it would be good practice to use the harmonic’s tuning method in combination with some of the other tuning methods previously discussed.
In addition to the standard method of tuning a guitar (from low to high: E A D G B E) there are a number of other ways the guitar can be tuned as well.
Below are some of the more common alternative tuning methods , but certainly not the only methods used to tune the guitar.
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There’s a whole world of possibility when it comes to tuning the guitar in different ways and I encourage you to explore and discover your own ways of tuning the guitar.
An open tuning is when the strings of the guitar are tuned so that a chord can be played using only the open strings.
The difference is that the open string tuned to the major third of the chord is lowered by a half step, making the major chord a minor chord when all the open strings are strummed.
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To play a major chord when using a cross-note tuning, all you need to do is play one fret higher on the string that was lowered by a half step.
For example, if using an Open D minor tuning, you’d play every string open except for the third string, F, which you play fretting the first fret to play a D major chord.
Modal tuning is another type of open tuning that sounds a suspended fourth chord when you play all the open strings together.
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But, the options for guitar tunings are almost endless and many other ways of tuning the guitar can be discovered through experimentation.
So now that you’ve spent some time making sure your guitar is perfectly in tune, it’s a good idea to make sure that it stays in tune to the best of its ability.
The best way to ensure that a guitar stays in tune, is to first understand the reasons why a guitar goes out of tune in the first place, and apply tools to keep those notes in place.
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Below is a list as to why a guitar might not stay in tune and some tips to help confront these issues.
One of the main causes of guitar strings not staying in tune is from the strings not being properly stretched after installation.
Brand new strings have a fair amount of elasticity to them and the tension applied to them to keep them at a specific pitch will cause them to stretch.
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To stretch the strings, first tune them up to pitch, then grab the string with both hands a few inches apart and pull up with your fingers and push down with your thumbs.
You can also push down on the string outside of the playing area behind the nut and behind the bridge for a bit of string stretching insurance.
A locking tie is pulling the string through the tuning post, wrapping it around toward the centre of the headstock, then feeding it underneath the string where it enters the string post.
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After this, the string should be held tightly against the post as the rest of the slack is tightened up, causing a nice tight grip against the tuning post.
For wound strings, low E, A, and D strings,
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