If you’re learning classical guitar, you may be asking yourself “what are all these different parts of the guitar?”. Rest assured, each acoustic guitar part is easy to find and identify!
Guitar makers use intricate interior and exterior construction methods and designs to build their instruments. This article will help you learn more about the important exterior parts of the guitar anatomy.
At a high level, we can categorize the into three main sections: the head, the neck, and the body. Each section serves an important function that contributes to the overall construction and sound of the guitar.
Parts Of The Classical Guitar [the Definitive Guide]
Only interested in learning the most important parts of the guitar? The top 5 must-know parts are: tuners, the fingerboard, frets, strings, and the sound hole.
As you can see from the guitar parts diagram above, the head, neck, and body of the guitar have many more sub-parts. The rest of this article will cover each these parts in more detail.
The guitar head, also called the headstock, is one of the most unique and identifiable parts of the guitar. Classical guitar strings are attached to the head by threading through the tuning pegs (string rollers).
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Tuners (machine heads) are also located on the head to tighten or loosen each string, which can raise or lower the pitch.
Luthiers (guitar makers) will often include fancy inlays, a characteristic headstock shape, and/or attractive woods that compliment the back and side wood tones.
In fact, sometimes you can tell which luthier made the guitar just by seeing the headstock! Two well-known examples of signature headstocks include the Felix Mazanero “M” shape, and the Hermanos Conde “Media Luna” (see below).
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The guitar tuners are geared mechanisms that adjust the pitch of the strings. Other names for guitar tuners include: machine heads, tuning pegs, tuning machines, tuning keys, or gear heads.
Modern machine heads are found on the sides of the guitar head, and are usually a series of 3 in-line. As you can see, three plastic tuner heads called
Classical guitar string rollers are attached to the tuners, and go through the headstock of the guitar. Each roller has a hole where the guitar string runs through it. As you turn a machine head to tighten a string, the guitar string wraps around the string roller.
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The neck is one of the most important parts of the classical guitar. The neck is where guitarists place their left hand fingers to manipulate the tension (and therefore, the pitch) of the strings.
Towards the body of the guitar. This means that the width of the neck increases, even though the space between frets decreases. Due to this variance, people calculate the guitar neck width at the nut.
As the neck gets wider towards the body of the guitar, more vertical space occurs between the strings. This increased width between the strings means you might needs to adjust your left hand fingers slightly to land on the strings properly (especially true for making barre chords in upper positions). However, the increased space between the strings also means that your right hand fingers have more room for plucking.
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The guitar nut is a small piece of bone, plastic, or melamine material that supports the strings near the headstock. This is similar to the saddle on the body of the guitar.The classical guitar nut has small grooves where the strings are aligned and secured.
Of your guitar strings, you can do so partially by adjusting the nut. All in all, adjusting the action at the neck is a fairly simple procedure. However, unless you have a lot of experience already you’ll want a professional to help do an expert job.
As mentioned in the previous section, the nut is also important because this is where the classical guitar neck width is measured. You can learn more about the guitar nut and width considerations
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Note: On most high-end classical guitars, the nut and the saddle aren’t glued in place. When you’re changing strings, watch carefully to make sure they don’t slide around or get misaligned.
The classical guitar fingerboard, also called fretboard, is the area of the neck where frets and strings are located. The fingerboard is where you place your left hand fingers to change the pitch of the strings.
Most classical guitar fingerboards are flat, though some fusion or crossover guitars have a radiused fingerboard. As you can see in the diagram below, radiused fingerboards are more common on steel string acoustic guitars:
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). The purpose of elevated fretboards is to make it easier for guitarists to reach beyond the 12th fret. Some luthiers claim that the elevated fingerboard also provides superior tone, resonance, and sustain.
On a classical guitar, frets are the thin nickle-steel (or stainless steel) slabs that indicate where your fingers should land on the fingerboard to produce a note. Each fret represents a half step of distance between notes.
Most classical guitars have a total of 19 frets, although some luthiers are making some models with 20 frets. The guitar neck typically connects with the body of the guitar at the 12th fret (the octave mark). Therefore, you can expect to play most music within the first twelve frets where the notes are easiest to play.
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If you’re a beginner guitarist, I recommend you get comfortable playing on frets 1-5 before worrying about the upper positions. If this range feels too wide for you, you can experiment with stretching exercises further up the neck. Another tip I recommend is to practice using a capo so there’s less spacing between frets!
Classical guitar frets have a slight curve, and are typically wider than steel string acoustic and electric guitar frets. Standard frets have a crown size of 0.080 x 0.037″ (2.03mm x .94mm), and are cut from classical guitar fretwire.
Just like electric or steel string acoustic guitars, standard classical guitars have six strings. However, there are some classical models that have seven, eight, or twelve strings. From low pitch to high pitch, the strings are tuned: E, A, D, G, B E. You can learn more about hot to tune your guitar
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Prior to the introduction of nylon guitar strings in 1947 by Albert Augustine Strings, ‘gut’ or ‘catgut’ was the most commonly used string material. Since then, standard classical guitars have almost exclusively been made of nylon. This includes the bass strings, which are nylon wound with copper wire.
Classical guitar strings are secured at the head of the guitar on the tuners (string rollers) and tied below the sound hole at the bridge.
There are many brands of classical guitar strings on the market today. Several of the most widely used brands are: Augustine, D’Addario, Hannahbach, Knobloch, and Savarez. For a comprehensive list of other string brands, check out Strings By Mail.
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I like using a combination of D’Addario EJ46 Hard Tension for the bass strings, and Augustine Regal Blues for the treble strings. However, string brand and tension is a personal choice and matter of preference. I recommend you experiment until you find a brand that feels and sounds right for you and your guitar!
Some classical guitars have what’s called the “Spanish heel”. This name comes from a distinctive construction style developed by Antonio Torres (1817-1892) in Spain. The Spanish heel is made when part of the guitar neck remains inside the body while building the guitar.
The heel is a more complicated and delicate construction process compared to cheaper models. With cheaper guitar models, the necks are completely separated and glued on later. Therefore, guitar necks built using the Spanish heel technique are typically more stable and durable than those without it.
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The classical guitar body is the largest part of the instrument. From a construction, tone, and sound production standpoint, it’s also the most complex part with the greatest degree of variance. In order for the guitar to produce a rich and full tone, the top, back, and sides all require precise measurement, wood selection, and attention to detail.
Today, ‘modern classical guitars’ are ones that follow the innovative and revolutionary designs of the 19th-century Spanish luthier Antonio Torres. All modern guitar models built today (classical and acoustic) are derived from the Torres models.
But people didn’t just stop creating new designs when the Torres model appeared. Now, luthiers are continuing to come up with innovative methods in an attempt to increase the natural volume and projection of the classical guitar.
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Classical guitar luthiers such as Manuel Contreras, Jose Ramirez, Robert Ruck, and Mathias Dammann led such innovation in the 20th century. They invented innovative techniques such as double tops, side monitor sound holes, resonators, and other unique construction styles and methodologies.
Some of the most renowned luthiers will carefully source the wood they use for the soundboard. In fact, some guitar makers will even keep reserves of the highest quality stock for twenty or more years before using it on an instrument.
The wood used for the top, back, and sides is also referred to as the “tonewood”. More often than not, the wood used for the soundboard will be different from the wood used for the back and sides of the guitar.
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The most common classical guitar soundboard tonewoods are cedar and spruce. Why are these
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