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The tor guitar or four-string guitar is a slightly smaller, four-string relative of the steel-string acoustic guitar or electric guitar. The instrumt was initially developed in its acoustic form by Gibson and C.F. Martin so that players of the four-string tor banjo could double on guitar.
Tor guitars are four-stringed instrumts normally made in the shape of a guitar, or sometimes with a lute-like pear shaped body or, more rarely, with a round banjo-like wood body. They can be acoustic, electric or both and they can come in the form of flat top or archtop wood-bodied, metal-bodied resonator, or solid-bodied instrumts. Tor guitars normally have a scale lgth similar to that of the tor banjo and octave mandolin of betwe 21 and 23 inches (53 and 58 cm).
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The earliest origins of the tor guitar are not clear, but it seems unlikely that a true four-stringed guitar-shaped tor guitar appeared before the late 1920s. Gibson built the tor lute TL-4 in 1924, which had a lute-like pear-shaped body, four strings and a tor banjo neck. It is possible that similar instrumts were made by other makers such as Lyon and Healy and banjo makers, such as Bacon. In the same period, banjo makers, such as Paramount, built transitional round banjo-like wood-bodied instrumts with four strings and tor banjo necks called tor harps. From 1927 onwards, the very first true wood-bodied acoustic tor guitars appeared as production instrumts made by both Gibson and Martin.
Almost all the major guitar makers, including Epiphone, Kay, Gretsch, Guild and National Reso-Phonic, have manufactured tor (and plectrum) guitars as production instrumts at various times. Budget tor guitars by makers such as Harmony, Regal and Stella, were produced in large numbers in the 1950s and 1960s. National, formed by the Dopyera Brothers, also made significant numbers of resonator tor and plectrum guitars betwe the 1920s and 1940s. Dobro, another company associated with the Dopyera Brothers, as well as National, also built various resonator tor guitar models.
In 1934, Gibson introduced an acoustic archtop tor guitar, the TG-50, based on the acoustic archtop six-string model, the L-50, with its production run lasting until 1958. In 1936 Gibson introduced the world's first commercially successful electric Spanish-style guitar, the ES-150. In early 1937 Gibson also began shipping two other versions of the ES-150: a tor guitar (the EST-150, with four strings and a 23 scale, ramed the ETG-150 in 1940) and a plectrum version (the EPG-150, with a 27 scale). The ETG-150, was in continuous production until 1972.
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In the mid-1950s electric solid-body tor guitar models began to appear from companies such as Gibson, Gretsch, Guild, and Epiphone. These were mostly produced as one-off custom instrumts but, for a short time in 1955, Gretsch manufactured an electric solid-bodied tor guitar, the Gretsch 6127 DuoJet. Rewed interest in the tor guitar led to the introduction of new solid-body electric models in the early 21st ctury, with companies such as Fder beginning production of a tor version of their Telecaster model.
, using the same tuning as the tor banjo, mandola, or viola. Also common are tuning one octave below standard violin tuning, G
, the same as the top four strings of a standard guitar, or the baritone ukulele, a slightly smaller instrumt usually strung with nylon strings.
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The plectrum guitar is a four-stringed guitar with a scale lgth of 26 to 27 inches (66 to 69 cm) and tunings usually based on the plectrum banjo, C
, one octave down from the tor guitar, much as the relationship betwe a viola and cello. Plectrum guitars have not be made in as large numbers as tor guitars and are rarer. One of the best known plectrum guitarists from the Jazz Age was Eddie Condon, who started out on banjo in the 1920s and th switched to a Gibson L7 plectrum guitar in the 1930s.
Tor guitars initially came to significant commercial promince in the late 1920s and early 1930s as tor banjos were slowly being replaced by six-string guitars in jazz bands and dance orchestras. Tor banjo players could double on tor guitars to get a guitar sound without having to learn the six-string guitar. Two of the McKdrick brothers, both named Mike – Big Mike and Little Mike – doubled on tor banjo and tor guitar in jazz bands dating from the 1920s. Big Mike McKdrick both managed and played with Louis Armstrong's bands while Little Mike McKdrick played with various bands, including Tony Parti.
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The Delmore Brothers were a very influtial pioneering country music duo from the early 1930s to the late 1940s that featured the tor guitar. The Delmore Brothers were one of the original country vocal harmonizing sibling acts that established the mold for later similar acts, such as the Louvin Brothers, and ev later, The Everly Brothers. The younger of the Delmore brothers, Rabon, played the tor guitar as an accompanimt to his older brother, Alton's, six-string guitar. Rabon favored the Martin 0-18T tor guitar and the Louvin Brothers later recorded a tribute album to the Delmores that featured Rabon's Martin 0-18T tor played by mandolinist Ira Louvin, but tuned as the four treble guitar strings. Another 1930s band that featured the tor guitar was the Hoosier Hotshots, commonly considered the creators of mid-western rural jazz. Their leader, K Trietsch, played the tor guitar, as well as doubling on the tuba.
In the early 1930s Selmer Guitars in Paris manufactured four-string guitars based on guitar designs by the Italian luthier Mario Maccaferri that they marketed to banjo players for use as a second instrumt. The two main four-string Selmer models were a regular tor guitar with a smaller body and a 23 inch scale lgth for standard CGDA tuning, and the Eddie Freeman Special, with a larger body and a longer 25.5-inch scale lgth, using a retrant tuning for the A string which was designed by glish tor banjoist Eddie Freeman to have a better six-string guitar sonority for rhythm guitar work than the normal tor guitar with its high A string while till using the same cord shaped familiar to tor banjoists. Selmer heavily promoted the guitar through Melody Maker and Eddie Freeman ev wrote a special tune for it called In All Sincerity. However, the guitar was not commercially successful in the 1930s, and many were subsequtly converted to much more valuable six-string models. Originals of the Eddie Freeman Special are now very rare and are consequtly highly valuable.
As the six-string guitar evtually became more popular in bands in the 1930s and 1940s, tor guitars became less frequtly played, although some tor guitar models had be made in very large numbers throughout this period and are now still common.
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Tor guitars came to promince again in the 1950s and 1960s amid the Dixieland jazz revival and the folk music boom. At this time, they were made by makers such as Epiphone, Gibson, Guild, and Gretsch as archtop acoustics and electrics, as well as a range of flat top models by Martin. A Martin 0-18T flattop acoustic tor guitar was played in the late 1950s by Nick Reynolds of The Kingston Trio. During this period electric tor guitars were advertised as lead guitars, although the rationale for this is not now clear.
A major player of the electric tor as a lead guitarist in the bebop and rhythm and blues styles from the 1940s to the 1970s was the jazz guitarist Tiny Grimes, who recorded with Cats and the Fiddle, Charlie Parker, Art Tatum, and others. Grimes used DGBE Chicago tuning on his tor guitars, rather than traditional CGDA tuning.
Since 2001, there has be an increased interest in the tor guitar, as evidced by an increasing number of manufacturers, such as Eastwood Guitars, Blueridge, Gold Tone, Artist Guitars, Canora, Thomann, Harley Bton, and Ibanez, offering tor guitar models, and a greater number of specialist luthiers now building custom tor guitar models or offering to modify existing instrumts into tor guitars.
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Ani DiFranco, Carrie Rodriguez, Joe Crav, and Dhani Harrison. Jason Molina played a tor guitar for much of his early work as Songs: Ohia. The instrumt is oft used by musicians looking to replace or augmt sounds produced by more convtional instrumts. Elvis Costello features a tor guitar on the title track of his 2004 release Delivery Man.
) four-string guitar on the songs Nookie, The One, Full Nelson, and Stalemate using a 4-string Cremona tor guitar made by Master guitars.
Promint U.K. users of the tor guitar include the Lakeman brothers, Seth Lakeman and Sean Lakeman, and John McCusker and Ian Carr, who both play with the Kate Rusby Band. Irish folk artist Yawning Chasm primarily uses the tor guitar.
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Since 2010, Astoria, Oregon, has hosted an annual Tor Guitar Gathering, on the basis of which some call it the unofficial Tor Guitar Capital of the World.
Warr Ellis plays a tor
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