In guitar tablature, a hammer-on is denoted by the letter “H” as seen in Figure 1 below, which starts with a hammer-on from the fifth fret to the eighth fret on the low E string.
Pull-offs are denoted by the letter “P” as seen in Figure 2 below, which starts with a pull-off on the eighth fret to the fifth fret of the high E string.
When you start learning to play guitar or bass, you’ll quickly discover that there are useful ways to sound notes other than just plucking them. Two of the most useful ways are those dexterous twins of fingering technique, the hammer-on and the pull-off.
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Hammer-ons and pull-offs complement each other nicely, and are so instinctive and ever-present in guitar music that we wouldn’t even call them tricks. They’re just simply a part of how guitar is played, both acoustic and electric.
Physically, there’s nothing to it—when you’ve learned one, you’ve pretty much learned the other, too. So let’s begin with a simple hammer-on, and the pull-off will follow.
Hold a note down on a fret with your index finger. Any fret on any string. Pluck the note, and then tap your middle finger down sharply on the same string a fret or two up from the first fretted note. There—you’ve now sounded two notes even though you only plucked the string once. You’ve done a hammer-on. You, musical friend, have hammered on.
C Chord Hammer On
Now, it doesn’t matter which fingers you use—you can hammer-on with your index and middle fingers; index and ring fingers; middle finger and pinkie; whatever you need to do to get the job done. Nor does it matter how many frets apart the two notes are—you are bound only by the reach of the fingers of your fretting hand. Most hammer-ons are one, two or three frets apart, but if you can do several frets apart (easier on the upper frets), more power to you.
A pull-off is basically a hammer-on in reverse. Once you’ve done a hammer-on with your other finger on the other fret, now just pull that finger off the fret, pulling on the string a little with that finger as you do so and letting the note ring. There—you’ve pulled off a pull-off.
You can see from these basic instructions that it’s possible to sound a note, hammer-on and then pull-off, thus sounding three notes despite only plucking the string once. This musical seesawing can in theory go on indefinitely, as long as you can keep up sustain and volume (easier on electric guitar than acoustic) A rapid such series of hammer-ons and pull-offs between a single pair of notes is called a trill. A trill is denoted by the letters “tr” and a wavy line as seen in the last note of Figure 3 below. The note number in parentheses indicates the note to hammer-on and pull-off. If no note is shown in parentheses, just hammer-on and pull-off the note directly above in the given scale.
Bass Guitar Lesson
Hammer-ons and pull-offs let you tie notes together smoothly, cleanly and quickly, with no silence between them. Both are note articulation methods referred to in formal musical notation as legato (Italian for, literally, “tied together”).
Want to learn more about hammer-ons? Check out these videos from Play. And if you're not a Play member yet, click here for a free trial.THE PROBLEM You want to enhance your rhythm playing by adding hammer-ons and pull-offs to chords—an essential technique used in all styles on the acoustic guitar.
1. Start with Single Notes and Double Stops Remember: To execute a hammer-on, first pick a fretted note or an open string. Then sound a higher note on the same string by fretting it with a hammering motion instead of picking it. To do a pull-off, simultaneously fret two notes on the same string. Pick the string and, keeping the finger on the lower fret in place, pull downward on the finger at the higher fret, causing the lower note to sound. (You can also pull off to an open string.) Whether you’re doing a hammer-on or pull-off, the goal is for both notes to sound smoothly articulated and at equal volume.
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Try Example 1—a repeated hammer-on (as indicated by the curved line in notation and tablature) from the open A string to the third-fret C. Fret the C with your third finger, and make sure not to accidentally sound any of the adjacent strings in the process. Once you’ve got that down, move on to Example 2, which adds a second note, E, best fretted with your first finger. With a bit of careful practice, you should be able to play these hammer-ons at the exact same time.
Things get a little trickier with three-note chords. In Example 3, hammer on a C/G chord with your second, third, and first fingers on strings 6, 5, and 4, respectively. The concept is extended up and down strings 6–4 in Example 4. Take it very slowly at first and gradually increase the tempo as you gain confidence. Hammer on the major chords (C/G, F/C, and G/D) with the same shape you used in Ex. 3; for the minor chords (Dm/A and Em/B), use your third, fourth, and first fingers, lowest note to highest.
Like a hammer-on, a pull-off is also notated with a curved line connecting two or more notes. In bar 1 of Example 5, repeatedly pull off the third-fret C to the open A string. Use your third finger to fret the C. Be sure to avoid yanking the string sharp as you execute the pull-off, and remember to strive for smoothness. In the following measure, add the second-fret E with your first finger, and then in Example 6 add the third-fret G with your second finger. Example 7 advances the pull-offs through the same basic chord progression as Ex. 4. Be sure to keep steady time as you work through this one; use a metronome if needed. Also, heads-up on the last bar, which contains a combination pull-off/hammer-on. Pick only the first beat of this measure.
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Now try some more context-based examples of chords decorated with hammer-ons and pull-offs. Example 8 illustrates the common progression of A–D/F#—the sort of embellishment heard often in songs like Simon and Garfunkel’s “I Am a Rock.” On the A chord, bar strings 5–2 with your index finger, and keep it held as you hammer on the third and fourth frets with your second and third fingers. Similarly, Example 9 toggles between C and G chords. Fret the C chord with fingers 3, 2, 1, and 4 on strings 5, 4, 2, and 1, and the hammer-ons with fingers 1 and 2 on strings 2 and 4.
Example 10 demonstrates soulful embellishments on a single chord, Em7—an idea used often in R&B. Fret the Em7 with your first finger barring fret 7 across strings 5–1, and hammer on the eighth- and ninth-fret notes with your second and third fingers. Example 11 develops these variations further by adding single-note embellishments over the ringing Em7 chord. Keeping the barre held in place at the seventh fret, use your fourth finger to hammer on and pull off the 10th-fret D and your third finger for the ninth-fret notes.
Jeff Gunn is author of Hidden Sounds: Discover Your Own Method on Guitar series, guitarist/musical director for Emmanuel Jal, and composer of All the Roads We Take (2017). jeffgunn.ca.
Question],[newbie] How Do You Hammer On And Pull Off On Acoustic Guitar?
Jeff Gunn is author of the Hidden Sounds: Discover Your Own Method on Guitar series. He is the musical director of Emmanuel Jal.
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