One of the biggest challenges when learning to play guitar or any other instrument can be reading standard notation, or sheet music — a.k.a. those little black dots. This is especially tricky on guitar and is something that lots of guitarists avoid.
While it’s great to learn standard notation too, most guitarists tend to use “tablature” (“tab” or “tabs” for short) as it’s so easy and intuitive to read. With the guitar tab, you can learn chords, single-note melodies, double stops, solos, and so much more. There are special notations with guitar tabs that show you how to play almost any type of articulation or effect that you can think of — such as hammer-ons, pull-offs, slides, and bends.
The first line at the top looks like regular sheet music, right? That’s because that’s exactly what it is! The second line is the actual guitar tab. Having both types of notation at the same time is useful as it will help you to correlate fretted notes to those shown in sheet music.
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The tab line itself is laid out intuitively. There are six lines that run horizontally (left to right) across the page. The lines on a guitar tab represent the six strings on your guitar: The line at the bottom is the 6th string (the thickest string), and the line at the top is the 1st string (the thinnest string). It’s like looking down at a guitar sitting in your lap, with the big E string closest to you and the thin E string furthest away.
You’ll see numbers on each of the lines as well. These are the frets that a note is supposed to be played on. In other words, the numbers represent the position on the guitar neck (or fretboard) where you’ll be playing each note.
In our image above, the first two notes (played one after the other) are the 5th and 8th frets on the 6th string (that is the low E string). An open string is written with a zero (0).
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When reading guitar tabs, you might encounter other symbols as well. If the tab includes the letter X, this means that the string is muted. When muting a string, use your picking hand to stop the string from playing. By pressing down the palm of your picking hand, the string will then produce a short thumping sound.
Let’s take a more detailed look at how to read guitar tabs in practice. Although there might be a lot to unpack here, reading guitar tabs will make it so much easier to learn new songs. Whether you want to play guitar using chords, practice complex fingerpicking patterns, or shred away like a maniac, a guitar tab can show all of that and more.
When reading tablature, two (or more) numbers stacked on top of each other mean that the string should be played at the same time. Look at the last set of numbers below:
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This is how the guitar tab represents a basic Am chord. A key point to remember here is that if there’s no number on a line, then the corresponding string is not played. In guitar chord charts, the strings that are not played at all are marked with an X. In a guitar tab, this would refer to muting.
In our Am example, there is no number on the bottom line representing the 6th string. That’s because it isn’t part of the chord. When strumming the Am chord, you leave out the lowest E string.
Double stops (two notes played at the same time) are depicted exactly in the same manner. What you’ll typically see here is something like this:
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Here we have two double stops played in order. In the first double stop on the left, you play the 1st fret on the B string as well as an open E string. When playing the second one, you play the 3rd fret on the B string and the 1st fret on the higher E string. All other strings without a number or any other symbol aren’t played at all. Pretty simple, isn’t it?
One technique that’ll add more complexity to your playing is muting. Knowing how to mute the strings is an essential skill, especially if you want to play rock, punk, and metal songs with your guitar. Muting is also one of the most important skills all rhythm guitarists should master. Although you can mute strings with both your fretting and picking hand, let’s focus on using your picking hand to mute the strings.
A technique known as palm muting involves using — you guessed it — your palm to mute the strings. The strings are not allowed to ring as they do when they are played open or fretted without muting, which creates a thumping sound. There are generally two ways to indicate muted notes in guitar tablature: either with an X symbol or with the letters P.M. above the tab.
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To mute strings with your palm, simply play the string using a guitar pick or the fingers of your picking hand and press the palm of your hand against the strings. As you get the hang of it, you can try applying more or less pressure on the strings to control the level of muting.
When muting with your fretting hand, apply a little pressure on the string to stop it from ringing. Muting with the fingers of your fretting hand requires some adjusting and getting used to. If you apply too much pressure on the string, it will be pressed against the guitar fretboard, and you can hear the note you’re supposed to mute.
Sometimes it can be helpful to show when chords or individual notes are played by stroking up or down. In other words, this refers to whether you play a note or a chord with an up- or downward motion of your picking hand. In traditional guitar tablature, these are indicated with a symbol above the tab sheet. A V symbol above the tabs stands for a downstroke. Meanwhile, an upstroke is indicated with a table-like symbol. Tabs don’t often include the symbols for up and down strokes. In this case, use the picking or strumming pattern that feels most intuitive to you.
How To Read Guitar Tabs
Playing melodies and solos on the guitar offers a distinct advantage over other melody instruments such as the piano. With the guitar, you can physically manipulate your fingers on the strings to create amazing effects that you wouldn’t be able to coax out of a keyboard.
This is another reason why the guitar tab is such a flexible tool. It shows you exactly what to do in order to execute articulations that will give your playing more expression and emotion. Let’s take a look at some of the common ones that you’ll run into as you start learning and playing along with guitar tablature.
With hammer-ons, you will strike a note, let it ring, then “hammer” another finger on your fretting hand up to a higher fret. This technique will increase your playing speed and also let your lines sound more “legato” (or smooth) as you aren’t playing each note with your picking hand. Pull-offs are the exact opposite: Strike a note, then pull your finger off to a note that you already have fretted a little lower on the neck. Just like with a hammer-on, you only have to pick the string once when performing a pull-off.
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With slides, you start at a note and slide your hand either up or down the neck, keeping enough pressure on the string to have the note ring out as your hand moves.
Again, just like in the example with hammer-ons and pull-offs, you pick the string only once. In addition to sliding guitar notes across a single string, slides can be performed on two or more strings simultaneously as well.
You’ll notice that the slide sounds different because your finger travels across each fret between the start and end of a slide. Make sure to listen along to the song to find out how fast you should play the slide.
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A bend is a guitar-playing technique where you strike a note and bend the string up across the neck while still holding down the string. This increases the string tension and will give you a note that has a higher pitch. Be careful here though — if you bend too much, you might just find yourself with a string that has broken in half.
As you can see in the example above, how much you bend the string matters. Figuring out just how much you should bend the string will take some time. Once you have practiced enough, you’ll be bending those strings with ease — even more than one string at a time. Just don’t be afraid of getting your fingers sore!
Tapping is one of those guitar-playing techniques that every guitarist wants to master from day one, whether they admit it or not. And we admit, pulling off an intense tapping solo with the guitar is an impressive feat. Tapping involves using both of your hands on the fretboard.
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Before advancing to tapping, make
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