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Acoustic Guitar Music Theory
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Desi Serna, hailed as a music theory expert by Rolling Stone magazine, is a guitar player and teacher with over 10, 000 hours of experience providing private guitar lessons and classes. He owns and operates one of the most popular guitar theory sites on the web, guitar-music-theory.com.
Guitar theory is an area of study that explains how you can play, improvise, and compose popular music on the guitar fretboard — and why certain elements of music go together the way they do.
Dive into guitar theory by exploring a fretboard diagram showing notes along the 6th and 5th strings; some major scale patterns; Roman numerals and the major/minor chord sequence; and mode names.
Things Every Guitarist Needs To Know About Music Theory
Guitar players must know the notes on the fretboard to keep track of the specific scale patterns and chords they play all over the neck. But rather than memorize every single note in every fret on every string, guitarists do better to just know the natural notes along the 6th and 5th strings. After all, most scale patterns and chord shapes are rooted on these strings. Octave shapes can be used to track other notes in other positions.
As you explore guitar theory, you’ll learn that the major scale is a series of notes played in an ascending and descending fashion. Guitarists use the major scale to play melodies, riffs, solos, and bass lines. Additionally, it’s used to play intervals, build chords, and chart progressions.
Guitar theory reveals that the major scale is stacked in thirds to make triads and chords. Each scale degree of the major scale produces a triad and major or minor chord. Starting with the first degree of the major scale, the chord qualities go as follows:
Music Basics For Guitarists
This seven-chord sequence is one of the most important patterns in music. When it comes to playing chord progressions, musicians refer to this pattern by using uppercase Roman numerals to represent major chords and lowercase Roman numerals to represent minor chords.
Here’s what this naming system looks like in action when you apply it to the major scale chord sequence and the key of G, specifically:
As you study guitar theory, you’ll hear terms like mode, tonic, and scale. The most common scale in music is the major scale. It includes seven degrees, or pitches, and involves seven steps or intervals. When you play the major scale beginning on its 1st degree, you create the familiar “Do, Re, Mi . . .” sound. But the starting position of the major scale isn’t always the 1st degree.
Do It Yourself Music Theory The Best Step By Step Guide To Start Learn
Music often centers on other degrees in the major scale besides the 1st one. For example, start a major scale on the 6th degree and you create what is known as the minor scale (also known as the
). The 1st and 6th degrees of the major scale produce the major and minor scale. In music, you say that the scale has these two different
The major scale has more modes than just the 1st and 6th degrees. The truth is, any scale degree can be used as the starting point. However, the major and minor modes are the most commonly used scales in music. In fact, they’re so common that they’re not usually thought of as modes. Instead, they’re thought of as plain or natural scales. It’s only when music centers on one of the other degrees in the major scale that the music is considered modal.
Guitar Chords 101: Over 800 Common Chords, Plus Helpful Music Theory Sections (paperback)
About the book author: Desi Serna, hailed as a music theory expert by Rolling Stone magazine, is a guitar player and teacher with over 10, 000 hours of experience providing private guitar lessons and classes. He owns and operates one of the most popular guitar theory sites on the web, guitar-music-theory.com.We all love solos, but not everyone enjoys spending time figuring out the notes that make them up. Fortunately, there’s a pattern to most of them. Solos are built upon scales that help us break down even the most complicated riffs into simpler components. And that’s what this lesson is about.
An interval is the distance between two notes. There are two types of intervals: whole steps (also called a “tone”), and half steps (or a “semitone”). To put it in terms, a half step is equivalent to a one-fret movement. A whole step, on the other hand, is akin to moving up (or down) the fretboard by two frets. And when you play a string of notes in certain intervals, you get a scale. Like this one:
These are the notes of the C major scale, with the intervals between them denoted with either a “W” (whole step) or an “H” (half step). Notice that the intervals between E and F, and B and C, are both half steps, while all other notes are whole steps apart from one another.
Music Theory For Guitar
In this diagram, the notes E, F, G, A, B and C have been highlighted. Since the F is a half step up from the E, the two notes are one fret apart—in this case the open E string and the first fret. And since the G is a whole step up from the F, they’re two frets apart, with the G on the third fret.
What about the A, B and C? As the A note falls on the fifth fret of the E string, the B has to be one step (or two frets) up, hence the seventh fret. The C, on the other hand, is only a half step (or one fret) from the B: the eighth fret.
So where would you find the D note? Knowing that the interval between a C and D is one step, you’ll need to move up two frets from the C to arrive at the D, on the tenth fret.
Music Theory 101
What happens if you play all seven notes of the first diagram in that exact sequence? You’d end up with the C major scale. That’s a seven-note scale comprising only natural notes, meaning no sharps and flats.
The C major scale is highly memorable, and can be hummed even by the terminally tone-deaf. And there’s a good reason for this: It boasts a distinctively ‘happy’ vibe that sets it apart from other scales. Go ahead and whistle the melody to “Do-Re-Mi”—that’s the C major scale.
This particular C major scale shape can be broken down into two equal parts: Both quartets of notes, on the A and D strings, are spaced out according to a “whole-whole-half step” pattern.
Intro To Music Theory
This means that you start with the C, then go up a whole step to the D, then another whole step to the E, before finishing with a half step to the F. Broken down, you’d have gone five frets up the board. And this “whole-whole-half step” pattern repeats itself from the G note on the next, thinner string.
Minor scales are more melancholic, yet they share a few characteristics with their upbeat major cousins. For example, both scales comprise seven notes. And if you look at their intervals, you’ll find five whole steps and
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